Diagnosis And Testing - A/C Performance
The air conditioning system is designed to provide the passenger compartment with low temperature and low humidity air. The evaporator, located in the HVAC housing on the dash panel below the instrument panel, is cooled to temperatures near the freezing point. As warm damp air passes through the cooled evaporator, the air transfers its heat to the refrigerant in the evaporator tubes and the moisture in the air condenses on the evaporator fins. During periods of high heat and humidity, an air conditioning system will be more effective in the recirculation mode (Max-A/C). With the system in the recirculation mode, only air from the passenger compartment passes through the evaporator. As the passenger compartment air dehumidifies, the air conditioning system performance levels improve.
Humidity has an important bearing on the temperature of the air delivered to the interior of the vehicle. It is important to understand the effect that humidity has on the performance of the air conditioning system. When humidity is high, the evaporator has to perform a double duty. It must lower the air temperature, and it must lower the temperature of the moisture in the air that condenses on the evaporator fins. Condensing the moisture in the air transfers heat energy into the evaporator fins and tubing. This reduces the amount of heat the evaporator can absorb from the air. High humidity greatly reduces the ability of the evaporator to lower the temperature of the air.
However, evaporator capacity used to reduce the amount of moisture in the air is not wasted. Wringing some of the moisture out of the air entering the vehicle adds to the comfort of the passengers. Although, an owner may expect too much from their air conditioning system on humid days. A performance test is the best way to determine whether the system is performing up to standard. This test also provides valuable clues as to the possible cause of trouble with the air conditioning system.
Before proceeding, (Refer to WARNING ) and (Refer to CAUTION ). The air temperature in the test room and in the vehicle must be a minimum of 21°C (70°F) for this test. Also the fin probe (located in the evaporator of the HVAC unit) must be a minimum of 65°For this test as well.
- Connect a tachometer and a manifold gauge set.
- Set the a/c heater control to the recirculation mode (Max-A/C) position, the temperature control knob in the full cool position, and the blower motor switch knob in the highest speed position.
- Start the engine and hold the idle at 1,000 RPM with the compressor clutch engaged. If the compressor does not engage, see the A/C Diagnosis chart in the Diagnosis and Testing article of this group.
- The engine should be at operating temperature. The doors and windows must be closed.
- Insert a thermometer in the driver side center A/C (panel) outlet. Operate the a/c system until it stabilizes.
- With the compressor clutch engaged, record the discharge air temperature, the condenser out pressure (high side), and the compressor inlet pressure (low side). The compressor clutch may cycle, depending upon the ambient temperature and humidity. If the clutch cycles, use the readings obtained before the clutch disengaged.
- Compare the discharge air temperature reading to the Performance Temperature and Pressure chart. If the temperature reading is high, clamp off both heater hoses (inlet and outlet), wait five minutes and record the temperature again. Compare the second reading to the Performance Temperature and Pressure chart. If the temperature reading is now OK, see A/C Diagnosis chart for normal pressures. Or see A/C Performance Test if air temperatures are too high,
- Compare the discharge (high side) and suction (low side) pressure readings to the Performance Temperature and Pressure chart. If the pressures are abnormal, see (Refer to
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING- REFRIGERANT SYSTEM LEAKS
). and (Refer to
STANDARD PROCEDURE- REFRIGERANT SYSTEM CHARGE
).HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
Performance Temperature and Pressure Ambient Air Temperature 21°C (70°F) 27°C (80°F) 32°C (90°F) 38°C (100°F) 43°C (110°F) Maximum Allowable Air Temperature at Center Panel Outlet 7°C (45°F) 7°C (45°F) 13°C (55°F) 13°C (55°F) 18°C (64°F) Compressor Inlet Pressure at Service Port (Low Side) 138 to 207 kPa (20 to 30 psi) 172 to 241 kPa (25 to 35 psi) 207 to 276 kPa (30 to 40 psi) 241 to 310 kPa (35 to 45 psi) 276 to 345 kPa (40 to 50 psi) Condenser Out Pressure at Service Port (High Side) 1034 to 1724 kPa (150 to 250 psi) 1379 to 2068 kPa (200 to 300 psi) 1724 to 2413 kPa (250 to 350 psi) 1999 to 2689 kPa (290 to 390 psi) 2413 to 2965 kPa (350 to 430 psi) - Compare the compressor discharge and suction (evaporator inlet) pressure readings to the Performance Temperature and Pressure chart. If the compressor discharge pressure or suction pressure is not normal, see the Pressure Diagnosis chart.