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Home >> Toyota >> 2016 >> Highlander LE Plus, AWD >> Repair and Diagnosis >> External Pages >> Different variant/trim >> Section 8 (Engine Mechanical (1AR-FE) (Service Information) (Except Hybrid) (1 Of 2)) >> Engine >> On-Vehicle Inspection [12/2013 - ] >> Procedure

On-Vehicle Inspection [12/2013 - ]: Procedure

WARNING: This page is about a different variant/trim than selected.
  1. INSPECT ENGINE COOLANT 

    Refer to ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION [12/2013 - ]

  2. INSPECT ENGINE OIL 

    Refer to ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION [12/2013 - ]

  3. CHECK BATTERY CONDITION 

    Refer to ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION [12/2013 - ]

  4. INSPECT SPARK PLUG 

    Refer to ON-VEHICLE INSPECTION [12/2013 - ]

  5. INSPECT AIR CLEANER FILTER ELEMENT SUB-ASSEMBLY 
    1. Remove the air cleaner filter element sub-assembly.
    2. Visually check that the air cleaner filter element sub-assembly is not excessively damaged or oily. If necessary, replace the air cleaner filter element sub-assembly.

      HINT: 

      • If there is any dirt or clogs in the air cleaner filter element sub-assembly, clean it with compressed air.
      • If any dirt or clogs remain even after cleaning the air cleaner filter element sub-assembly with compressed air, replace it.
    3. Install the air cleaner filter element sub-assembly.
  6. INSPECT V-RIBBED BELT 

    See step  1

  7. INSPECT V-RIBBED BELT TENSIONER ASSEMBLY 
    1. Remove the V-ribbed belt.

      Refer to REMOVAL [12/2013 - ] 

    2. Check that nothing is caught in the V-ribbed belt tensioner assembly by turning it clockwise and counterclockwise.

      HINT: 

      If a malfunction exists, replace the V-ribbed belt tensioner assembly.

    3. Install the V-ribbed belt.

      Refer to INSTALLATION [12/2013 - ] 

  8. INSPECT VALVE LASH ADJUSTER ASSEMBLY NOISE 
    1. Rev up the engine several times. Check that the engine does not emit unusual noises.
    2. If unusual noises occur, warm up the engine and idle it for 30 minutes or more, then perform the inspection.

      HINT: 

      If any defects or problems are found during the inspection, perform valve lash adjuster assembly inspection.

      Refer to PROCEDURE - Step 2

  9. INSPECT IGNITION TIMING 
    1. Warm up and stop the engine.
    2. When using the Techstream:
      1. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
      2. Start the engine and run it at idle.
      3. Turn the Techstream on.
      4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / IGN Advance.

        Powertrain > Engine > Data List 

        Tester Display
        IGN Advance

        Standard Ignition Timing

        5 to 15° BTDC at idle

        NOTE:
        • Check the ignition timing with the cooling fans off.
        • Turn off all electrical systems and the A/C.
        • When checking the ignition timing, the transaxle should be in neutral or park.
      5. Check that the ignition timing advances immediately when the engine speed is increased.
      6. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Connect the TC and TE1 / ON.

        Powertrain > Engine > Active Test 

        Active Test Display
        Connect the TC and TE1
        Data List Display
        IGN Advance
      7. Monitor IGN Advance.
      8. Perform the Active Test.

        Standard Ignition Timing

        8 to 12° BTDC at idle

        NOTE:
        • Turn off all electrical systems and the A/C.
        • Check the ignition timing with the cooling fans off.
        • When checking the ignition timing, the transaxle should be in neutral or park.
    3. When not using the Techstream:
      1. Using SST, connect terminals 13 (TC) and 4 (CG) of the DLC3.
        GTY451659Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
        *a DLC3
        • SST: 09843-18040 
        NOTE:
        • Confirm the terminal numbers before connecting them. Connecting the wrong terminals may damage electrical components.
        • Check the ignition timing with the cooling fans off.
        • Turn off all electrical systems and the A/C.
        • When checking the ignition timing, the transaxle should be in neutral or park.
      2. Remove the No. 1 engine cover sub-assembly.

        See step  24 , or see step  24

      3. Pull out the wire harness shown in the illustration.
        NOTE:

        After checking, wrap the wire harness with tape.

        GTY176310Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
      4. Connect the clip of a timing light to the ignition coil wire harness.
        NOTE:

        Use a timing light that detects primary signals.

      5. Start the engine and run it at idle.
      6. Check the ignition timing at idle.

        Standard Ignition Timing

        8 to 12° BTDC at idle

        NOTE:
        • Check the ignition timing with the cooling fans off.
        • Turn off all electrical systems and the A/C.
        • When checking the ignition timing, the transaxle should be in neutral or park.
      7. Disconnect terminals 13 (TC) and 4 (CG) of the DLC3.
      8. Check the ignition timing at idle.

        Standard Ignition Timing

        5 to 15° BTDC at idle

        NOTE:
        • Check the ignition timing with the cooling fans off.
        • Turn off all electrical systems and the A/C.
        • When checking the ignition timing, the transaxle should be in neutral or park.
      9. Confirm that the ignition timing advances immediately when the engine speed is increased.
      10. Disconnect the clip of the timing light from the ignition coil wire harness.
      11. Install the No. 1 engine cover sub-assembly.

        See step  67, or refer to PROCEDURE - Step 67

  10. INSPECT ENGINE IDLE SPEED 
    1. Warm up and stop the engine.
    2. When using the Techstream:
      1. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.
      2. Start the engine and run it at idle.
      3. Turn the Techstream on.
      4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / Engine Speed.

        Powertrain > Engine > Data List 

        Tester Display
        Engine Speed
      5. Read the value displayed on the tester.

        Standard Idle Speed

        600 to 700 rpm

        NOTE:
        • Check the engine idle speed with the cooling fans off.
        • Turn off all electrical systems and the A/C.
        • When checking the engine idle speed, the transaxle should be in neutral or park.
    3. When not using the Techstream:
      1. Using SST, connect a tachometer probe to terminal 9 (TAC) of the DLC3.
        GTY429599Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
        *a DLC3
        • SST: 09843-18030 
        NOTE:

        Be sure to connect the tachometer probe to the correct terminal. Connecting the wrong terminals can cause damage to electrical components.

      2. Start the engine and run it at idle.
      3. Inspect the engine idle speed.

        Standard Idle Speed

        600 to 700 rpm

        NOTE:
        • Check the engine idle speed with the cooling fans off.
        • Turn off all electrical systems and the A/C.
        • When checking the engine idle speed, the transaxle should be in neutral or park.
      4. Turn the engine switch off.
      5. Disconnect the tachometer probe from terminal 9 (TAC) of the DLC3.
  11. INSPECT COMPRESSION 
    NOTE:

    Keep the intake manifold and spark plug holes free of foreign matter when measuring the compression pressure.

    1. Warm up and stop the engine.
    2. Check for DTCs.

      Refer to DTC CHECK / CLEAR [12/2013 - 11/2016] , or refer to DTC CHECK / CLEAR [11/2016 - ]

    3. Remove the 4 spark plugs.

      Refer to REMOVAL [12/2013 - ]

    4. Disconnect the 4 fuel injector connectors.
    5. Check the cylinder compression pressure.
      GTY440953Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
      1. Insert a compression gauge into the spark plug hole.
      2. Fully open the throttle.
      3. While cranking the engine, measure the compression pressure.

        Standard Compression Pressure

        1450 kPa (14.8 kgf/cm2 , 210 psi)

        Minimum Compression Pressure

        980 kPa (10.0 kgf/cm2 , 142 psi)

        Pressure Difference between Each Cylinder

        200 kPa (2.0 kgf/cm2 , 29 psi) or less

        NOTE:
        • Always use a fully charged battery to obtain an engine speed of 250 rpm or more.
        • Inspect the other cylinders in the same way.
        • Measure the compression pressure as quickly as possible.
    6. If the cylinder compression pressure is low, pour a small amount of engine oil into the cylinder through the spark plug hole and inspect it again.

      HINT: 

      • If adding engine oil increases the compression pressure, the piston rings and/or cylinder bore may be worn or damaged.
      • If the compression pressure stays low, a valve may be stuck or seated improperly, or there may be leaks in the cylinder head gasket.
    7. Connect the 4 fuel injector connectors.
    8. Install the 4 spark plugs.

      Refer to INSTALLATION [12/2013 - ]

    9. Clear the DTCs.

      Refer to DTC CHECK / CLEAR [12/2013 - 11/2016] , or refer to DTC CHECK / CLEAR [11/2016 - ]

      NOTE:

      After the inspection, clear the DTCs, check for DTCs again and make sure the normal system code is output.

  12. INSPECT CO/HC 

    HINT: 

    This check determines whether or not the idle CO/HC complies with regulations.

    1. Start the engine.
    2. Run the engine at 2500 rpm for approximately 180 seconds.
    3. Insert a CO/HC meter testing probe at least 40 cm (1.31 ft.) into the tailpipe during idle.
    4. Immediately check the CO/HC concentration during idle and when the engine is running at 2500 rpm.

      HINT: 

      When performing a 2 mode (with the engine idling/running at 2500 rpm) test, the measurement procedures are determined by applicable local regulations.

      If the CO/HC concentration does not comply with the regulations, perform troubleshooting in the order given below.

      1. Check for DTCs.

        Refer to DTC CHECK / CLEAR [12/2013 - 11/2016] , or refer to DTC CHECK / CLEAR [11/2016 - ]

      2. See the following table for possible causes, then inspect the applicable parts and repair them if necessary.
        CO HC Problem Cause
        Normal High Rough idle
        1. Faulty ignition:
          • Incorrect valve timing
          • Fouled, shorted or improperly gapped spark plugs
        2. Incorrect valve clearance (valve lash adjuster assembly)
        3. Leaks in intake or exhaust valves
        4. Leaks in cylinders
        Low High Rough idle
        (Fluctuating HC reading)
        1. Vacuum leaks:
          • PCV hoses
          • Intake manifold
          • Throttle with motor body assembly
          • Brake booster line
        2. Lean mixture causing misfire
        High High Rough idle
        (Black smoke from exhaust)
        1. Restricted air cleaner filter element sub-assembly
        2. Plugged PCV valve
        3. Faulty SFI system:
          • Fuel pressure regulator assembly
          • Engine coolant temperature sensor
          • Mass air flow meter sub-assembly
          • ECM
          • Fuel injector assemblies
          • Throttle position sensor (built into throttle with motor body assembly)
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