LEMON Manuals: Even more car manuals for everyone
Home >> Porsche >> 2013 >> Cayenne S >> Repair and Diagnosis >> External Pages >> Different variant/trim >> Section 59 (44 - Wheels, Tyres, Suspension Alignment (4.8L Turbo) -- 92A - Cayenne (92A)) >> Ti, 4434 ATI Tire Pressure Monitoring System Operation (1604) >> Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems Operation

Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems Operation

WARNING: This page is about a different variant/trim than selected.

Vehicle Type: All with tire pressure monitoring system 

Model Year: 2003 - present 

Information: This bulletin will outline the Tire Pressure Monitoring systems Porsche has used since their introduction. There are four system hardware configurations that have been used since the introduction of tire pressure monitoring.

A simple block diagram will illustrate each hardware configuration. A vehicle application chart outlining the versions for that hardware configuration will accompany the diagram.

The following note is applicable for the four system configurations.

NOTE: In the actual values of the tester, the battery life of the wheel electronics can be seen. Checking this information when a vehicle is being serviced can help you alert the customer when the batteries are low and avoid a return visit.

The two summary points below are included here to make it easy to find, and compare, for all systems.

Whether or not TPMS goes into learning mode is determined by the control unit only, for all generations of systems.

The wheel electronics of:

  1. TPMS - Generation "1.0" & "1.5" (permanent transmit): 
    G16318897Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    TPMS - Generation "1" Systems
    Production Date  From December 2001 From April 2004
    System Version  RDK 1.0 Beru RDK 1.5 Beru
    Vehicle Type  Cayenne E1 9X7
    997 Turbo, GT2, GT3 (from April 2006) Carrera GT 
    Control Unit  7L5.907.273B 433 MHz 997.618.103.06
    980.618.103.00 Carrera GT 
    Antenna  4D0.907.277 433 MHz 997.606.101.00 433 MHz
    Trigger Module  No Trigger No Trigger
    Wheel Sensor  7L0.907.275.D 433 MHz 997.606.021.02 433 MHz

    Tire Pressure Monitoring Generation "1.0" & "1.5" 

    • Function 
      • Wheel sensors transmit data at regular intervals via an HF radio frequency signal to each antenna in the respective wheel well.
      • The signal is received by the antenna and sent to the control unit for processing.
      • The control unit displays the relevant information in the instrument cluster
    • Sensor operation 
      • The wheel electronics unit is comprised of the following components:
        • Pressure sensor
        • Temperature sensor
        • Battery
        • Transmitter, measuring and control electronics
      • There are two frequencies for the transmitters.
        • 433 MHz is used in the U.S.
        • 315 MHz is for areas such as Asia.
      • The following information is transmitted by the wheel sensor:
        • Individual ID number of sensor (also printed on the sensor body)
        • Current tire inflation pressure (absolute pressure)
        • Current temperature of air in the tire
        • Status of integral battery
        • Message information necessary for proper data transmission
      • Sensor transmission modes
      • During normal driving the sensor takes measurements every 3 seconds and transmits every 54 seconds.
      • With a pressure loss of over 2.9 psi (0.2 bar) per minute, the sensor immediately goes into high-speed transmission mode, measuring and transmitting every 0.8 seconds.
      • After the vehicle is parked and a specified run-on time, sleep mode is entered.
    • Antenna Operation 
      • The antenna receives the HF radio signals for the TPM control unit.
      • In the Cayenne model line the antenna receives the signals for the control unit and does not process the high frequency signal (the control unit does it). 
      • In the 997 the antenna receives the signal and processes the high frequency signal into a digital message that is sent to the control unit.
        NOTE: Refer to the application chart to see which Cayennes and 997 vehicles are equipped with the 1.0 and 1.5 TPM systems
    • Learning Parameters 
      • Learning occurs only while driving
      • The learning process is divided into three phases
        • Recognition of own wheels (which wheels belong to this vehicle)
          • Takes approximately 6 minutes of driving
          • Can be initiated by selecting a new set of tires in the instrument cluster
          • "No monitoring, system is identifying" message is displayed
          • TPM warning light is on
          • Warning light goes out when the own wheels are recognized
          • A loss of pressure and a warning can be displayed at this point
            • No specific wheel position is available at this point
        • Assigning wheel position (what corner is each wheel located at)
          • Can take a maximum of 30 minutes driving
          • Determining wheel location allows system to then display pressures in the instrument cluster
          • Differential pressure (temperature compensated) will also be displayed at this point in time.
        • Confirmation phase (has anything changed)
          • This phase is primarily for determining if a wheel/tire or sensor change has occurred without it being selected in the instrument cluster menu.
          NOTE: When a wheel/tire or sensor has been changed, it is necessary to reselect the tire size in the instrument cluster. The system will relearn with the new change and it will avoid false warnings.
        • Operation and display:
          • TPM menu navigation is not possible while driving.
          • Once sensors have been learned, it only takes about 2 minutes for tire pressures to be displayed when the vehicle is started.
          • The actual pressure display shows the actual pressure that is in the tire. It is not compensated for temperature changes.
      G16318898Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    • The pressure deviation or filling display shows the temperature compensated pressure deviation (only visible when vehicle is stationary).
    • Only use this screen as a reference when adjusting the pressure in the tire. 
    • A negative value ("-") is too low and needs more air pressure.
    • A positive value is too high and needs to be reduced.
      G16318899Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    • The gentle warning screen is used if the pressure has dropped more than 2.9 psi (0.2 bar), but not more than 5.8 psi (0.4 bar).
      • This warning is displayed for 10 seconds after the ignition is switched off and every time the vehicle is started.
      • Air pressure should be corrected at next opportunity.
    G16318900Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    • The "stern" warning in red text is displayed if the pressure has dropped by more than 5.8 psi (0.4 bar) or by more than 2.9 psi (0.2 bar) per minute.
      • The display appears as soon as the condition exists.
      • The driver should stop to inspect the tire in question.
      G16318901Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    • A speed warning not to exceed 50 mph (80 km/h) in the event of a puncture is also available.
      • Selecting the run-flat system in the TPM menu is necessary for this warning to work.
      • This is a helpful warning in the event of a puncture, since adherence to it will help preserve the remaining life of the tire on the wheel.
  2. TPMS - Generation "2" (trigger based): 
    G16318902Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    TPMS - Generation "2": Configuration 2
    Production Date  From December 2006 From April 2008 From April 2009
    System Version  RDK 2.2 Beru RDK 2.3 Beru RDK 2.4 Beru
    Vehicle Type  Cayenne E1 II 9X7 II
    997 II GT3 (from April 2009)
    997 II GT2 RS (from Oct. 2010)    		 Panamera 970
    9X7 II (from August 2009)
    997 II Turbo (from Sept. 2009)
    Control Unit  /L5.90/.2/3/: 99/.618.103.23 9/0.618.103.05 (9/0)
    997.618.191.02 (9x7FL)
    Antenna  955.606.101.00 433 MHz 955.606.101.00 433 MHz 955.606.101.00 433 MHz
    Trigger Module  955.618.113.00 955.618.113.00 7PP.907.283
    Wheel Sensor  7PP 907 275F 433 Mhz 7PP 907 275F 433 MHz 7PP 907 275F 433 MHz
    G16318903Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    TPMS - Generation "2": Configuration 3
    Production Date  From January 2010 From July 2011
    System Version  RDK 2.5 Beru RDK 2.6 Huf
    Vehicle Type  Cayenne E2 9X1
    918/GT3 
    Control Unit  7P5.907.273.D 433 MHz 991.618.104.02 918.618.104.01 
    Antenna  Integrated into Cont. Unit Integrated into Cont. Unit
    Trigger Module  7PP.907.283 7PP.907.283
    Wheel Sensor  7PP.907.275.F 433 MHz 7PP.907.275.F 433 MHz

    Tire Pressure Monitoring Versions "2.2" - "2.6" 

    (Hardware configurations 2 & 3)

    NOTE: U.S. Law does not allow the system to be turned off.
    • Function 
      • The radio messages from the wheel electronics units are requested by the control unit, as required, via the trigger units.
      • The system detects the vehicle's own wheels, and the installation position of own wheels, by evaluating the trigger location and performing a statistical evaluation of the wheel electronics information received.
    • Sensor operation 
      • The wheel electronics unit is comprised of the following components:
      • Pressure sensor
      • Temperature sensor
      • Roll switch
      • Battery
      • Receiver, transmitter, measuring, and control electronics
      • Higher transmission power in the wheel sensor is necessary due to the longer radio link to the central antenna. 
      • The roll switch detects whether the wheel is stationary or turning.
        • This information is used either to start a triggered learning process for a moving wheel  or to switch off the wheel electronics unit when the wheel has been stationary for a long time.
      • To avoid confusion with 1st generation wheel electronics, the new wheel electronic unit can be identified by the modified shape of the housing and the small air filter.
      • A modified data protocol ensures that the wheel electronics unit will not be detected if installed incorrectly and this is stored as a fault in the fault memory.
    G16318904Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.

    A-1st generation (original), B- 2nd generation (original) 

    NOTE: The newest Gen.1 - wheel electronic replacement from 2015 has the housing of the Generation "3" wheel electronic! (In photos below)
    G16318905Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    G16318906Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    • The Photo above is the 2nd generation sensor presently available (7PP.907.275.F) 
    • Trigger Units 
      • The four triggers, which are located under the wheel housing liners in each of the four wheel housings, send a 125 kHz signal directly to the wheel electronic units.
      • After a wheel sensor is triggered it will transmit the desired information to a central antenna immediately.
      • This means that the antenna always receives only one data protocol  and this comes from the wheel electronics unit that received the request to send. 
      • This gives the system added protection against cross-talk affecting other antennas.
    • Central Antenna 
      • Configuration 2
        • The digital central antenna (reception frequency 315 or 433 MHz) is mounted on the underbody of the driver's side of the vehicle about halfway between the front and rear.
        • The signals received from the wheel electronics are digitalized in the antenna and forwarded to the control unit via LIN bus.
        • The antenna has a self-diagnosis capability.
        • Detected faults will be communicated to the control unit and the fault code will be stored there for retrieval by the tester.
      • Configuration 3
        • The central antenna has been moved into the TPM control unit.
        • All processing functions of the received signal are now internal to the TPM control unit.
    • Learning Parameters 
      • Learning can be initiated by selecting a new set of tires in the instrument cluster.
      • The system must recognize its own wheels and assign the corresponding positions. The learning process is only active during the drive. 
        • When the vehicle is unlocked, the control unit initiates the first 125 kHz signal for each trigger in the four wheel housings one after the other, starting at the left front in clockwise direction.
        • Then, the wheel electronic units are only triggered approx. every 54 seconds while the vehicle is moving at a speed above 25 kph (15mph).
      • Since the range of the trigger units is limited to the relevant wheel housing, any possibility of cross-talk affecting other wheels is almost totally eliminated.
        • Depending on many and varied influences from the immediate environment, such as:
          • reflections (wet roads, metallic floors, guide rails, etc.), external interference (external transmitters)
          • Bad positioning of the wheel electronics units with respect to the trigger and/or central antenna, a trigger signal can fail to reach the related wheel sensor or the feedback data protocol can get lost on its way to the central antenna.
          • The control unit responds immediately by re-triggering the trigger - repeatedly if necessary - at the wheel position at which the expected protocol has failed to materialize as soon as the initiated trigger cycle from front left to rear right is completed.
          • This concept reduces system interference and the wheel electronics units are detected much faster.
    • Learning After a Tire Change 
      • The wheel sensors of a newly mounted set of tires are assigned within one minute - often even within a few seconds - of selecting the set of tires in the "Tire Pressure" menu and the pressure values are displayed.
      • If a set of tires is not selected in the "Tire Pressure" menu after a tire change, the system will detect this within a maximum of 3 minutes and the message "Wheel Change?" will appear in the cluster display.
        • Selecting the correct tires in the menu at this point will insure the system is configured with the correct pressures for the tires.
    • Operation and display 
      • The TPM CU knows which tire set is mounted on the vehicle once the teaching process is complete.
      • The tire pressure values are available as soon as the vehicle is started since the trigger cycle starts immediately, once the door is opened  , and the wheel electronics units have sent the latest data to the control unit.
      • The tire pressure main menu screen displays the current pressures.
    G16318907Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    • If a spare tire without a wheel sensor is mounted (such as a collapsible spare) the remaining wheel sensors are still detected and displayed.
    • If one or two sensors fail, the remaining sensors are still displayed.
    • If a spare tire is mounted with a sensor in it, selecting "Spare Wheel" in the menu will incorporate that wheel into the monitoring, after a brief learning phase.
      G16318908Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
      G16318909Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    • The differential pressure display (temperature compensated) is available when the vehicle is stationary for filling the tires.
      • As soon as the information is called up, a fast pressure update is generated over a time span of 15 minutes (maximum).
      • This display updates the current information every 10 seconds  during the filling process.
      • The soft yellow warning alerts the driver to add air to a tire.
    G16318910Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    G16318911Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    • If the pressure in the tires is reduced for additional traction (for mud or sand) a flat tire message will appear continuously in the display.
    • The hard red warning can be acknowledged by the driver.
      • This clears the display so that any other messages and/or information can be shown.
      • The TPM light in the instrument cluster remains illuminated until the tire pressure is once again increased to a normal level.
      • Each time the ignition is switched off and on again, the hard warning re-appears as a reminder and can be acknowledged again by the driver.
      • If the pressure in the tires is reduced for additional traction (for mud or sand) a flat tire message will appear continuously in the display.
    G16318912Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    G16318913Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
  3. TPMS - Generation "3": 
    G16318914Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
    TPMS - Generation "3": Configuration 4
    Production Date  From April 2013
    System Version  RDK 3 Huf
    Vehicle Type  970 II
    Cayenne E2 II
    991 II & 982
    Macan
    Control Unit  7PP.907.273.H 433 MHz
    7PP.907.273.M 433MHz 991 II/982 ab 22/2016
    Antenna  Integrated into Cont. Unit
    Trigger Module  no Trigger
    Wheel Sensor  500.907.275.B 433 MHz

Tire Pressure Monitoring "Generation 3.x" 

G16318917Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
G16318918Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
G16318919Courtesy of PORSCHE CARS NORTH AMERICA, INC.
scientia non olet · About LEMON Manuals