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Belt Drive, Basic Function - GF13.21-P-1001A

Engine All (4xWD) 

Engine All (CAR) 

Sample diagram of belt drive 

G16229255Courtesy of MERCEDES-BENZ USA

Overview 

This document contains information on:

General 

To drive the auxiliary assemblies important for vehicle operation via a belt, the belt drive uses the rotary movement of the crankshaft.

Function 

Belt drive 

A belt pulley is flange-mounted on the free crankshaft end. The belt pulley is designed in this connection as a torsional damper (5) and dampens the speed fluctuations of the successive combustions in the cylinders. This dampening ensures low-wear and low-noise use of the poly-V-belt.

The belt pulley drives the ancillaries via a poly-V belt by means of friction. To enable the ancillaries to have different rotational speeds, the different diameters of the driving and driven belt pulleys create a gear ratio.

Possible ancillaries which the belt drive drives include:

Belt tension 

The crankshaft rotates due to the sequence of the individual combustions in a non-uniform movement. These speed fluctuations are compensated for in the belt drive by a belt tensioner (2) and ensure that the tension in the poly-V-belt is constant. The belt tensioner (2) is flange-mounted directly on the alternator (3). The compensating element generates the belt tension via a tensioner pulley mounted so that it can rotate and a spiral spring integrated in the belt tensioner (2).

Over the runtime of the engine, the poly-V-belts elongate due to their construction from composite fiber. In order to prevent the poly-V-belt from slipping, the belt tensioner (2) compensates for this elongation.