Spring Element, Basic Function - GF32.00-P-1000A
MODEL ALL (CAR)
Overview
This document contains information on:
- General
- Coil springs with linear spring rate
- Coil springs with progressive spring rate
General
During driving operation, the following forces act on the vehicle:
- Drive forces
- Lateral forces
- Brake forces
- Centrifugal forces
These forces cause various vibrations which act on the following axles of the vehicle:
- Longitudinal axis
- Lateral axis
- Vertical axis
Vibrations are absorbed by the interaction of the suspension and dampening. The aim of the suspension, in cooperation with dampening, is to ensure ride comfort, driving safety and continuous road feel.
Through the suspension, unsprung masses (e.g. wheels, parts of the wheel suspension) are connected with sprung masses (e.g. drive, body). The steel suspension consists of coil springs. Coil springs offer a compact design in combination with the required shock absorbers.
There are two variants of coil spring.
Coil springs with linear spring rate
Coil springs with linear spring rate have a constant diameter over the entire spring length. The spring force increases linearly with the load with which the spring is being compressed.
Coil springs with progressive spring rate
Coil springs with progressive spring rate have a diameter that changes over the entire spring length. This means that the spring force depends on the load. The spring steel wire that changes in diameter (inconstant spring steel wire) enables a softer, and so more comfortable, compression under light load. With increasing load, the larger wire diameter takes over cushioning and has a harder effect. Different spring rates are combined into one spring. This enables the combination of soft up to hard spring rates depending on the load and the dynamic condition of the vehicle (braking, accelerating, cornering).