DTC C1688-86: VSM2 (MDPS) Signal Error: General Description
WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2024 Kia Sorento. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.
The Steering Angle Sensor (SAS) is installed lower side of the clock spring of steering wheel.
The SAS is used to determine turning direction and speed of the steering wheel.
The IEB module uses the signals from the SAS when performing ESC-related calculations.