Theory Of Operation

Courtesy of CHRYSLER GROUP, LLC

EVAPORATIVE SYSTEM OVERVIEW:  The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) monitors the Evaporative Emission System operation. The two main areas being monitored are the integrity of the system against leaks and the ability of the system to purge fuel vapor from the canister to the Intake Manifold. The basic strategy used is that in a sealed system  , pressure will naturally increase or decrease in relation to temperature. The Evaporative System Integrity Monitor (ESIM) Switch is used for all leak fault detection.  There is a vacuum actuated switch that closes when the vacuum reaches a calibrated threshold. If the switch closes it indicates that the system is not leaking.

ESIM SWITCH STUCK CLOSED MONITOR:  At ignition off, the state of the ESIM switch is evaluated. If the switch is open, a pass flag is set and PCM will complete power down. If the switch is closed, the PCM will wait a calibrated delay time and open the OBD Vent Valve  venting the vacuum in the Charcoal Canister allowing the ESIM Switch to open. If the switch opens, a pass flag is set and the PCM will power down. If the PCM detects that the ESIM Switch is still closed with the vale open for a calibrated time, an error is detected and a switch stuck closed failure is set at the next engine run cycle.

SMALL LEAK MONITOR:  This is an accumulative monitor and the data from each valid event is recorded and added to the previously recorded events. The PCM timer records the engine on/drive cycle and engine off time for each small leak monitor event. For an event to be valid the PCM must see;

1. An engine on/drive cycle for a minimum of 2-5 minutes.
   NOTE:

   The engine on timer will stop counting after a maximum of 26 minutes.

2. And, when the engine is shut down, an engine off timer starts. There is a 12 minute delay time in which the PCM will ignore ESIM Switch input. The engine off timer period will continue to count until one of the three conditions exist:
   • The engine is started without a switch closure during the event.
     NOTE:

     At the next key on cycle a determination is made as to whether the event was valid and the information is kept.

   • An ESIM Switch closed input is received after the 12 minute delay during the event.
     NOTE:

     If the switch closed input is received, the PCM records that the switch has closed and stores the engine shut down time.

   • After a maximum of 17.5 hours without an ESIM Switch closure during the event.

This monitor will increment  the accumulation fail timers  until both  have reached a calibrated threshold (Engine on - 100 minutes and Engine off - 70 hours). When the monitor records a valid switch closure (small leak passing event)  the fail timers will reset.

LEAK SIZE DETERMINATION:  If the PCM did not see an ESIM Switch closed signal during the previous ignition off cycle, the event was valid, and there is a cold start, an intrusive leak test is run to determine if a large leak is present. Immediately after start-up, while the engine is cold the Purge Solenoid is opened to create vacuum in the Evaporative System to a calibrated threshold that is beyond the ESIM Switch closing threshold.

• If the switch does not close at all during purging, because of a switch that is stuck open or vacuum cannot be created below -250 Pa within a calibrated time, it is determined to be a general evaporative system failure (P0440)  .
• If vacuum is created and the switch has closed, the Purge Solenoid is commanded off and the PCM monitors the switch closure time. If the switch opens before a calibrated threshold, a large leak is present. Two consecutive failure events will mature a fault (P0455). 
• If vacuum is created and the switch has closed, the Purge Solenoid is commanded off and the PCM monitors the switch closure time. If the switch stays closed longer than a calibrated threshold, it is determined that a large leak is not present. If the Large Leak diagnostic does not fail before the accumulated small leak timer reaches it's threshold it is determined that a small leak is present (P0456). 

Courtesy of CHRYSLER GROUP, LLC

GENERAL OPERATION:  The Turbocharged engine requires the ability to draw fuel vapors from the Charcoal Canister during both Naturally Aspirated operation and during boost conditions. Typically engine vacuum is used to draw the fuel vapors from the canister. This is easily accomplished on a naturally aspirated engine that has sufficient vacuum in the Intake Manifold during most engine operating conditions. It is more difficult when a Turbocharged engine is in boost mode creating positive pressure in the Intake Manifold. This is accomplished using a different Purge Solenoid than is used on non-Turbo engines along with some additional hardware. The function of the purge system in each mode of operation is as follows:

• Naturally Aspirated:  When the Purge Solenoid is energized the vacuum from the Intake Manifold pulls check valve 1 open. The vacuum created inside the Purge Solenoid and the pressure on the other side of the check valve forces check valve 2 closed, sealing it off to the clean air tube. Fuel vapors are drawn from the canister, through the Purge Solenoid, and into the Intake Manifold.
• Boost:  Closing Delta Control Valve (1) creates a vacuum in the line between the Purge Solenoid and clean air tube, pulling check valve 2 open. The vacuum created inside the Purge Solenoid along with the boost pressure in the Intake Manifold purge tube (C) forces check valve 1 closed. Fuel vapors are drawn from the canister, through the Purge Solenoid, and into the clean air tube where they travel with the intake air to the Intake Manifold.

PURGE FLOW MONITOR:  The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) detects leaks in the Evaporative system when the Purge Solenoid is closed. Therefore it cannot determine if hardware between the Purge Solenoid and Intake Manifold is damaged or leaking during leak testing. The Purge Flow Monitor is needed to determine if the engine side of the system is connected and functioning properly. This is done by monitoring the Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor signal for a delta (change) of more than a calibrated threshold in the signal when the Purge Solenoid is energized.

The Purge Flow Monitor will only run if the Small Leak Monitor recorded a pass on the previous ignition off event and the test data was valid. The boost portion of the monitor will only run when there is a sustained stable boost condition and not when the vehicle is at wide open throttle. The PCM runs the Purge Flow Monitor once per drive cycle for both engine operating modes and both diagnostics will run during the drive cycle if the parameters allow regardless if the first diagnostic fails.

• When the Purge Flow Monitor begins to run the normally closed OBD Vent Valve is briefly opened to vent the system to atmosphere. After the Purge Solenoid is energized the PCM monitors the FTP Sensor pressure delta to determine a pass/fail.
• If the diagnostic fails when the engine is running in naturally aspirated mode, the PCM will set the (P0441)  DTC.
• If the diagnostic fails when the engine is running in boost mode, the PCM will set the (P1CEA)  DTC.