Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Cooler
WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2021 Ford F-150. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.
The EGR cooler removes heat from the exhaust gases before the gases enter the intake manifold. When the exhaust gases are directed through the EGR cooler, coolant from the engine cooling system reduces the exhaust gas temperature. The exhaust gases are directed through the EGR cooler by a PCM controlled EGR cooler bypass valve.
The EGR cooler is located above the right hand valve cover.