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Pinpoint Test B: Loss Of Coolant

WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2021 Ford F-150. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.
  1. Possible Sources 

    • Seal
    • Coolant hose
    • Engine oil cooler
    • Coolant pump
    • Radiator
    • Heater core
    • Engine front cover
    • Head gasket
    • Cylinder head
    • Cylinder block

    Visual Inspection and Pre-checks 

    • Check for engine coolant leaks around sealed areas, such as the coolant pump, intake manifold and cylinder heads.
    • Check the coolant hoses and tubes for damage.
    • Check the coolant hose and tube connections and make sure they are securely connected.

  2. NOTE: A sweet odor accompanying white smoke is not considered normal and is indicative of coolant in the exhaust.

  3. B1 CHECK FOR OBVIOUS SIGNS OF CONCERN

    • Ignition OFF.

    • Inspect the engine and cooling system for signs of coolant leaking externally. REFER to the Diagnosis and Testing procedure in the appropriate Engine Cooling System article for the engine being diagnosed. Refer to the appropriate Engine System article for the procedure.

    Are any external coolant leaks detected? 

    Yes  REPAIR as necessary.
    No  GO to  B2

  4. B2 CHECK FOR EXCESSIVE SMOKE FROM THE EXHAUST

    • Start the engine.

    • NOTE: Coolant intrusion in to the cylinders will cause white smoke from the exhaust.

      Allow the engine to reach normal operating temperature. Inspect the exhaust for excessive white smoke.

    Does the exhaust emit excessive white smoke? 

    Yes  GO to  B6
    No  GO to  B3

  5. B3 CHECK FOR COOLANT IN THE ENGINE OIL

    • Ignition OFF.

    • Remove and inspect the engine oil level indicator for signs of coolant in the oil.

    Is coolant present in the engine oil? 

    Yes  If equipped with an engine oil cooler, GO to  B4 If not equipped with an engine oil cooler, GO to  B5
    No  GO to  B6

  6. B4 CHECK THE ENGINE OIL COOLER

    • Inspect the engine oil cooler and seals for damage.

    Are the engine oil cooler and seals free of damage? 

    Yes  GO to  B5
    No  REPAIR as necessary.

  7. B5 CHECK THE ENGINE FRONT COVER

    • Remove the engine front cover. Refer to the appropriate Engine system article front cover procedure for the engine being diagnosed. Refer to the appropriate Engine System article for the procedure.Check the front cover seals for damage and signs of coolant passing in to the engine oil.

    Are the engine front cover seals or sealing surfaces damaged causing coolant to leak in to the engine oil? 

    Yes  Install new engine front cover seals or a new engine front cover. Refer to the appropriate Engine system article front cover procedure for the engine being diagnosed. Refer to the appropriate Engine System article for the procedure.
    No  GO to  B6

  8. B6 CHECK COMPRESSION AND CYLINDER LEAKAGE

    • Ignition OFF.

    • Remove the spark plugs. Refer the appropriate Engine Ignition System article for the engine being diagnosed. Refer to the appropriate Engine System article for the procedure. Perform a compression test and cylinder leakage test. Check the test results for signs of a damaged head gasket or cylinder head sealing surfaces. Check the coolant for bubbles caused by air entering the cooling system from compression. REFER to: Compression and Cylinder Leakage Test - Diesel .

    Does the compression test or cylinder leakage test indicate a loss of compression or excessive cylinder leakage in to the cooling system? 

    Yes  GO to  B8
    No  GO to  B7

  9. B7 CHECK FOR COOLANT INTRUSION

    • Using a bore scope, inspect the cylinders and pistons for signs of coolant intrusion.

    Do the cylinders show signs of coolant intrusion? 

    Yes  GO to  B8
    No  The source of the concern is not coolant intrusion in to the cylinder. Check for other possible sources for coolant loss. REFER to the Diagnosis and Testing procedure in the appropriate Engine Cooling System article for the engine being diagnosed. Refer to the appropriate Engine System article for the procedure.

  10. B8 CHECK THE ENGINE

    • Remove the cylinder heads. Refer to the appropriate Engine System article cylinder head procedure(s) for the engine being diagnosed. Refer to the appropriate Engine System article for the procedure. Inspect the head gasket(s) for signs of damage or failure. Inspect the cylinder block and cylinder head(s) for damage. REFER to: Cylinder Block Distortion . and REFER to: Cylinder Head Distortion .

    Are the cylinder head gasket(s), cylinder head(s) or cylinder block head damaged? 

    Yes  REPAIR as necessary.
    No  Install a new long block.
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