Principles of Operation

Diagnostics in this article assume a certain skill level and knowledge of Ford-specific diagnostic practices. For information about these, REFER to: Diagnostic Methods .

The turbocharger assembly consists of the left and the right turbochargers. The turbocharger is an exhaust-driven centrifugal air compressor used to increase power output by supplying compressed air to the engine.

The expanding exhaust gases drive the turbine shaft assembly to speeds up to 186, 000 rpm. Filtered air entering the compressor side of the turbocharger is compressed and delivered through the charge air coolers. The very hot compressed air is cooled by the charge air coolers, then continues on to fill the intake manifold at a higher pressure than atmospheric pressure. Because considerably more air is forced into the intake manifold, the results are increased power, fuel efficiency and the ability to maintain power at higher altitudes.

The turbocharger is governed by a wastegate actuator. The wastegate actuator redirects some of the exhaust gas past the turbine and therefore acts as a governor. The wastegate actuator is controlled by the powertrain control module.

The intake air system is fitted with a turbocharger bypass valve. The turbocharger bypass valve vents the intake air system when the throttle is closed and recalculates the air back into the intake air system. It also releases pressure on the turbocharger which will reduce turbo lag, improve acceleration and increase engine performance.

The internal components are oil, coolant and air cooled. Engine oil and coolant are circulated through the center housing which acts as a heat barrier between the "hot" turbine and the "cold" compressor. Bearings are ball bearings and are lubricated by the engine oil. Oil is circulated to the turbocharger center housing and is returned to the engine oil system through an oil drain in the center housing.