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Home >> Ford >> 2020 >> Fusion Titanium Hybrid >> Repair and Diagnosis >> External Pages >> Different variant/trim >> Section 15 (Engine Cooling - 2.5L DURATEC (125KW/170PS)) >> Diagnosis And Testing >> Engine Cooling >> Inspection and Verification

Inspection and Verification

WARNING: This page is about a different variant/trim than selected.
NOTE: Always fill the cooling system with the manufacturer's specified coolant. Chemically flush the cooling system if a non-specified coolant has been used. Failure to follow these instructions may damage the engine or cooling system.
NOTE: During normal vehicle operation, coolant can change color. As long as the engine coolant is clear and uncontaminated, this color change does not indicate the engine coolant has degraded nor does it require the engine coolant to be drained, the system to be flushed, or the engine coolant to be replaced.
  1. Verify the customer concern.
  2. Visually check the engine coolant level at the degas bottle when the system is cold.
  3. Make sure the pressure relief cap is installed correctly.
  4. Record any cooling system Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) retrieved. Refer to PCM DTC Chart  for DTC descriptions.
  5. NOTE: Take note of any coolant odor or steam coming from cooling system components.

    If the system coolant is filled correctly and no Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) associated with fail-safe cooling are retrieved, verify the customer concern by operating the engine to duplicate the condition.

  6. Visually inspect for obvious signs of any mechanical or electrical damage.

    Visual Inspection Chart 

    Mechanical Electrical
    Leaks or weeps at:
    Hoses
    Tubes
    Hose clamps
    Engine gaskets (may leak internally or externally)
    Thermostat housing
    Radiator
    Pressure relief cap
    Coolant pump
    Engine oil cooler (may leak internally or externally) (if equipped)
    Heater core (wet floor or coolant odor in vehicle)
    Degas bottle
    Cylinder block core plugs
    Cylinder head core plugs
    Block heater (if equipped)
    Cracked or damaged:
    Hoses
    Tubes
    Hose clamps
    Thermostat housing
    Radiator
    Pressure relief cap
    Cooling fan
    Coolant pump
    Engine oil cooler (if equipped)
    Degas bottle
    Cylinder block core plugs
    Cylinder head core plugs
    Block heater (if equipped)
    Restricted airflow through the A/C condenser/radiator
    Excessive white or light gray exhaust smoke (may have burnt coolant odor)
    Coolant in engine oil
    Engine oil in coolant    		 Inoperative or damaged:
    Active grill shutter
    Electric cooling fan
    Wiring, connectors, relays or modules
    CHT sensor
    Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)
  7. If the inspection reveals an obvious concern that can be readily identified, repair it as necessary.
  8. Inspect the coolant condition.

    1. Inspect the coolant color.

      • A darker orange with the presence of debris could indicate a commercially available stop leak may have been used and could result in loss of coolant flow to critical parts of the engine. If sediment is present, flush the system and refill with the correct mixture of distilled water and Motorcraft® Concentrated Antifreeze/Coolant.. REFER to: Engine Cooling System Flushing .

      • A light or reddish brown color indicates that rust may be present in the cooling system. Flush the system and refill with the correct mixture of distilled water and Motorcraft® Concentrated Antifreeze/Coolant.. REFER to: Engine Cooling System Flushing .

      • An iridescent sheen on top of the coolant could indicate a trace of oil is entering the system. For engine diagnosis, REFER to: Engine . Flush the system and refill with the correct mixture of distilled water and Motorcraft® Concentrated Antifreeze/Coolant.. REFER to: Engine Cooling System Draining, Vacuum Filling and Bleeding .

      • A milky brown color may indicate that engine oil is entering the cooling system. Pressure test the cooling system. Refer to Cooling System Pressure Test . If engine oil is suspected, the cause of the leak may be internal to the engine. For engine diagnosis, REFER to: Engine . Flush the system and refill with the correct mixture of distilled water and Motorcraft® Concentrated Antifreeze/Coolant.. REFER to: Engine Cooling System Draining, Vacuum Filling and Bleeding .

    2. If the engine coolant appearance is acceptable, test the engine coolant freezing point range with the Coolant/Battery Refractometer. Maintain the coolant concentration. REFER to: Specifications .

      • Maximum coolant concentration is 60/40 for cold weather areas.

      • Minimum coolant concentration is 40/60 for warm weather areas.

    3. Adjust coolant range and level if necessary:

      • If coolant is low, add specified coolant mixture only.

      • If the engine coolant tests too weak, remove some of the engine coolant and add Motorcraft® Concentrated Antifreeze/Coolant until the readings are within acceptable levels.

      • If the engine coolant tests strong, remove some of the engine coolant and add distilled water until the readings are within acceptable levels.

  9. If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is found, correct the cause and test the system for normal operation before proceeding to the next step.
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