Evaporative Emissions

WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2009 Mercury Grand Marquis and 2009 Ford Crown Victoria. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.

NOTE: The vehicle emission vacuum routing diagrams are contained in the Description and Operation subsection of the Engine Emissions Control part. Refer to ENGINE EMISSION CONTROL article.

The Evaporative Emission (EVAP) system consists of the:

EVAP canister purge valve.
EVAP canister.
EVAP canister vent solenoid.
fuel vapor tube assembly (includes a grade vent valve and a Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) sensor).
dust separator.
fuel tank filler cap.

The EVAP system:

utilizes an On-Board Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR) system that captures the fuel vapors from the vehicle's fuel tank during refueling.
prevents hydrocarbon emissions from reaching the atmosphere.
stores fuel vapors in the EVAP canister that are generated during vehicle operation or hot soak, until they can be consumed by the engine during normal engine operation.
routes the stored fuel vapors to the engine during engine operation.
is controlled by the PCM which, using various sensor inputs, calculates the desired amount of purge flow. The PCM regulates the purge flow, induced by the application of intake manifold vacuum, by varying the duty cycle applied to the EVAP canister purge valve.

The fuel vapors are routed:

from the fuel tank to the EVAP canister through the fuel vapor tube assembly.
to the engine when the EVAP canister purge valve is opened by the PCM.

The FTP sensor:

is part of the fuel vapor tube assembly.
monitors the pressure levels in the fuel tank.
communicates the pressure reading to the PCM during the OBD II leak test.

The EVAP canister:

is located under the rear of the vehicle, just behind the fuel tank.
contains activated carbon.
stores fuel vapors.

The fuel tank filler cap:

relieves system vacuum below 3.8 kPa (15.26 in H₂ O).

The EVAP canister vent solenoid:

is normally open.
seals the EVAP system for the inspection and maintenance (I/M 240) test and OBD II leak and pressure tests.
is attached to the EVAP canister.
is repaired as a separate item.

The dust separator:

is attached to the EVAP canister.
prevents suspended dust and dirt particles from entering the EVAP system.
is repaired as a separate item.

The EVAP canister purge valve:

is attached to the cowl.
is normally closed.
regulates the purging of the EVAP canister.
is controlled by the PCM.

The EVAP system monitor:

is a self-test strategy within the PCM, which tests the integrity of the EVAP system.
monitors the EVAP system for leaks.
monitors electronic EVAP components for abnormally high or low voltages.
monitors for correct EVAP system operation.
uses negative and positive leak test methods to test and activate the EVAP system.

The engine ON EVAP leak-check monitor:

is executed by the individual components of the enhanced EVAP system. Intake manifold vacuum is utilized to reach a target vacuum on the EVAP system. The FTP sensor is used by the engine ON EVAP leak-check monitor to determine if the target vacuum necessary to carry out the leak-check on the EVAP system has been reached. Once target vacuum on the EVAP system is achieved, the change in EVAP system vacuum over a calibrated period of time determines if a leak exists.

The Engine Off Natural Vacuum (EONV) EVAP leak-check monitor is executed:

once the engine ON EVAP leak-check monitor is completed and the key is turned OFF. The EONV EVAP leak-check monitor determines if a leak is present when the naturally occurring change in the fuel tank pressure or vacuum does not exceed a calibrated limit during a calibrated amount of time. A separate, low-power consuming microprocessor in the PCM manages the EONV leak-check. The engine OFF EVAP leak-check monitor is executed by the individual components of the enhanced EVAP system.