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Pinpoint Test A: The Engine Does Not Crank

WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2010 Lincoln Town Car. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.

Refer to appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article, Starting System for schematic and connector information.

Normal Operation 

Under normal operation, the Battery Junction Box (BJB) supplies constant power to the starter relay on circuit 32 (RD/LB) through fuse F105 (30A). When the key is placed in the START position with the vehicle in PARK or NEUTRAL, the digital Transmission Range (TR) sensor provides power on circuit 33 (WH/PK) and the PCM provides ground on circuit 3405 (BK), activating the starter motor. This allows power to be supplied from the starter motor relay contacts which then flows through circuit 113 (YE/LB) to the starter solenoid. The solenoid is grounded at the starter motor. Energizing the starter solenoid will engage the starter drive into the ring gear and close the solenoid contacts, allowing power directly from the battery through circuit 2037 (RD) to the starter motor to start the engine.

This pinpoint test is intended to diagnose the following:

PINPOINT TEST A: THE ENGINE DOES NOT CRANK 

  1. A1 CHECK THE BATTERY 
    • Check the battery condition and state of charge. Refer to Diagnosis and Testing in BATTERY, MOUNTING & CABLES article.
    • Is the battery OK? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A2.
    2. NO  : CHARGE or INSTALL a new battery as necessary. REFER to REMOVAL & INSTALLATION article. TEST the system for normal operation.
  2. A2 CHECK FOR PATS AND PCM DTCs 
    • Using the DTCs retrieved in Inspection and Verification, check for Passive Anti-Theft System (PATS) and PCM DTCs.
    • Were any PATS or PCM DTCs retrieved? 
    1. YES  : REFER to the DTC Chart in DIAGNOSTIC TESTS article.
    2. NO  : Go to  A3.
  3. A3 CHECK THE BATTERY GROUND CABLE 
      Fig 1: Checking Battery Ground Cable
      GF0005963Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the voltage between the positive battery post and the battery ground cable connection at the cylinder block.
    • Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A4.
    2. NO  : INSTALL a new battery ground cable. REFER to REMOVAL & INSTALLATION article. TEST the system for normal operation.
  4. A4 CHECK THE STARTER MOTOR GROUND 
      Fig 2: Checking Starter Motor Ground
      GF0005964Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the voltage between the battery positive post and the starter motor case.
    • Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A5.
    2. NO  : CLEAN the starter motor mounting flange and make sure the starter motor is correctly mounted. TEST the system for normal operation.
  5. A5 CHECK THE POWER SUPPLY AT THE STARTER MOTOR 
      Fig 3: Checking Power Supply To Starter Motor
      GF0000667Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the voltage at starter motor solenoid C197A, circuit 2037 (RD) and ground.
    • Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A6.
    2. NO  : INSTALL a new positive battery cable. REFER to REMOVAL & INSTALLATION article. TEST the system for normal operation.
  6. A6 CHECK THE STARTER MOTOR 
      Fig 4: Identifying Fused Jumper Wire And Starter Motor C197A
      GF0046717Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Connect one end of a fused jumper wire to starter motor C197A, circuit 2037 (RD). Momentarily connect the other end of the jumper to starter motor C197B, circuit 113 (YE/LB).
    • Does the starter motor engage and the engine crank? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A7.
    2. NO  : INSTALL a new starter motor. REFER to Starter Motor . TEST the system for normal operation.
  7. A7 CHECK START INPUT TO THE STARTER MOTOR 
    • Disconnect: Starter Motor Solenoid C197B
      • Fig 5: Measuring Voltage
      GF0009535Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the voltage at the starter motor solenoid C197B, circuit 113 (YE/LB) and ground, while holding the ignition switch to the START position.
    • Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? 
    1. YES  : CLEAN the starter motor solenoid C197B stud and connector. CHECK the wiring and the starter motor for a loose or intermittent connection. TEST the system for normal operation.
    2. NO  : Go to  A8.
  8. A8 CHECK START INPUT TO THE STARTER RELAY 
    NOTE: Use the correct probe adapter(s) when taking measurements. Failure to use the correct probe adapter(s) may damage the connector.
    • Key in OFF position.
    • Disconnect: Battery Junction Box (BJB) Starter Relay
      • Fig 6: Checking Start Input To Starter Relay
      GF0013751Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the voltage at the BJB starter relay pin 86, circuit 33 (WH/PK), while holding the ignition switch to the START position.
    • Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A9.
    2. NO  : Go to  A14.
  9. A9 CHECK FOR VOLTAGE SUPPLY TO THE STARTER RELAY 
    • Key in OFF position.
      • Fig 7: Checking Battery Supply To Starter Relay
      GF0013752Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the voltage at the BJB starter relay pin 30, circuit 32 (RD/LB) and ground.
    • Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A10.
    2. NO  : VERIFY BJB fuse 105 (30 A) is OK. If OK, REPAIR the circuit 32 (RD/LB). TEST the system for normal operation. If not OK, REFER to the appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article to identify the possible causes of the circuit short.
  10. A10 CHECK CIRCUIT 3405 (BK) FOR AN OPEN 
    • Disconnect: PCM C175B
      • Fig 8: Checking Circuit For An Open
      GF0013754Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the resistance between BJB starter relay pin 85, circuit 3405 (BK) and PCM C175B-2, circuit 3405 (BK), harness side.
    • Is the resistance reading less than 5 ohms? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A11.
    2. NO  : REPAIR circuit 3405 (BK). TEST the system for normal operation.
  11. A11 CHECK CIRCUIT 113 (YE/LB) FOR A SHORT TO GROUND 
    • Disconnect: Starter Motor Solenoid 197B
      • Fig 9: Checking Circuit For Short To Ground
      GF0013755Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the resistance between BJB starter relay pin 87, circuit 113 (YE/LB) and ground.
    • Is the resistance reading less than 10,000 ohms? 
    1. YES  : REPAIR circuit 113 (YE/LB) for a short to ground. TEST the system for normal operation.
    2. NO  : Go to  A12.
  12. A12 CHECK CIRCUIT 113 (YE/LB) FOR AN OPEN 
      Fig 10: Checking Circuit For An Open
      GF0013756Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the resistance between BJB starter relay pin 87, circuit 113 (YE/LB) and starter motor solenoid C197B, circuit 113 (YE/LB).
    • Is the resistance reading less than 5 ohms? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A13.
    2. NO  : REPAIR circuit 113 (YE/LB) for an open. TEST the system for normal operation.
  13. A13 CHECK THE STARTER MOTOR RELAY 
    • Carry out the Starter Motor Relay Component Test.
    • Did the starter motor relay pass the component test? 
    1. YES  : INSTALL a new BJB. TEST the system for normal operation.
    2. NO  : INSTALL a new starter motor relay. TEST the system for normal operation.
  14. A14 CHECK THE SUPPLY TO THE IGNITION SWITCH 
    • Disconnect: Ignition Switch C250
      • Fig 11: Checking Supply To Ignition Switch
      GF0013758Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the voltage at ignition switch C250-9, circuit 1050 (LG/VT), harness side and ground.
    • Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A15.
    2. NO  : VERIFY BJB fuse 1 (30 A) is OK. If OK, REPAIR the circuit 1050 (LG/VT). TEST the system for normal operation. If not OK, REFER to the appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article to identify the possible causes of the circuit short.
  15. A15 CHECK THE IGNITION SWITCH 
    • Carry out the Ignition Switch Component Test.
    • Did the ignition switch pass the component test? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A16.
    2. NO  : INSTALL a new ignition switch. REFER to REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION article. TEST the system for normal operation.
  16. A16 CHECK FOR VOLTAGE TO CJB FUSE 1 (10A) 
    • Disconnect: Central Junction Box (CJB) fuse 1 (10A)
      • Fig 12: Checking Fuse Input
      GF0013757Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the voltage at the CJB input cavity of fuse 1 (10A), circuit 1522 (DG) and ground with the ignition switch in the START position.
    • Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A17.
    2. NO  : VERIFY CJB fuse 1 (10 A) is OK. If OK, REPAIR circuit 1522 (DG). TEST the system for normal operation. If not OK, REFER to the appropriate SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAMS article to identify the possible causes of the circuit short.
  17. A17 CHECK FOR VOLTAGE AT THE DIGITAL TR SENSOR 
    • Disconnect: Digital TR Sensor C167
      • Fig 13: Measuring Voltage
      GF0046718Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the voltage between the digital TR sensor C167-12, circuit 262 (BN/PK), harness side and ground with the ignition switch in the START position.
    • Is the voltage reading greater than 10 volts? 
    1. YES  : Go to  A18.
    2. NO  : REPAIR circuit 262 (BN/PK). TEST the system for normal operation.
  18. A18 CHECK CIRCUIT 33 (WH/PK) FOR AN OPEN 
      Fig 14: Checking Circuit For Open
      GF0013762Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
    • Measure the resistance between BJB starter relay pin 86, circuit 33 (WH/PK), harness side and digital TR sensor C167-10, circuit 33 (WH/PK), harness side.
    • Is the resistance reading less than 5 ohms? 
    1. YES  : REFER to AUTOMATIC TRANSAXLE/TRANSMISSION EXTERNAL CONTROLS article, Selector Lever Cable Adjustment. If adjustment is OK, go to  A19.
    2. NO  : REPAIR circuit 33 (WH/PK) for an open. TEST the system for normal operation.
  19. A19 CHECK THE TR SENSOR 
      Fig 15: Measuring Resistance
      GF0009956Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
      NOTE: Do not pry on connector. This will damage the connector and result in a transmission concern.
    • Measure the resistance between digital TR sensor pin 10 and pin 12, component side, with the selector lever in PARK and then NEUTRAL.
    • Are all resistances less than 5 ohms? 
    1. YES  : INSTALL a new BJB. TEST the system for normal operation.
    2. NO  : INSTALL a new digital TR sensor. REFER to IN-VEHICLE SERVICING article. TEST the system for normal operation.
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