Temp Gauge Always Indicates Cold (Bottom Bar Illuminated)

Unplug connector to temperature sender and connect jumper to ground in place of sender. Turn ignition switch to RUN position. Gauge should give short circuit indication. Top 2 and bottom 2 bars of gauge should be illuminated. If top 2 and bottom 2 bars illuminate, remove jumper and go to step 3).
If bars do not illuminate as described, disconnect battery ground cable. Remove cluster. Connect jumper in place of temperature sender. Verify continuity between pins No. 4 and No. 8 of cluster connector "A" harness. If continuity exists, replace cluster and affix odometer sticker to door pillar. If no continuity exists, repair wiring in circuit No. 39 and/or temperature sender ground line for open circuit.
Warm up engine to normal operating temperature. Measure resistance of temperature sender. If resistance is less than 8k/ohms, replace cluster and affix odometer sticker to door pillar. If resistance is greater than 8k/ohms, go to next step.
Check thermostat, coolant level, etc. for proper operation. If cooling system is okay, replace temperature sender. If cooling system is not okay, service cooling system as necessary.