Theory Of Operation
WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2012 RAM Cab & Chassis. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.
For an aged O2 sensor, the response rate to the air/fuel change is slower than when it was new. The O2 sensor tends to move less with the same air/fuel changes in a given time frame. Therefore by observing the activity of voltage readings from the upstream O2 sensor, the quality of the O2 sensor can be detected.