Lubrication Description
The lubrication system is based on pressure lubrication. The lubricant is carried along in the oil pan and distributed to the consumers by oil pressure. The oil return into the oil pan is guaranteed by gravitational force partially through return pipes/channels.
The oil pump (17) sucks oil from the oil pan through the oil suction pipe. The pump is driven over a timing belt by the crankshaft.
All oil passing through the oil pump goes through the oil filter (19), where contaminants are removed. The oil filter is located on the left front side of the engine block. The oil filter is a spin-on type that mounts directly to the engine block. The filter contains a by-pass valve which will let unfiltered oil to the engine if the pressure drop inside the filter is too high (dirty filter or very cold start).
After the oil filter the oil is distributed into engine oil cooler (20).
After the engine oil cooler the oil is parts way into three different channels.
One channel is the engine oil main gallery (21), where the oil is distributed to the crankshaft bearings (15) and the piston oil nozzle (14). A groove around the two middle main bearing furnishes oil to the drilled crankshaft passages from where it is provided to the connection rods (16).
The oil pressure in the main gallery needs to be controlled to guarantee the right oil pressure depending on engine load, speed and temperature. Therefore an oil pressure sensor (13) is mounted to the oil gallery. These sensors supply their signals to the engine control module (ECM).
Another part of this pressure regulation is the oil control valve (OCV) (18) that is mounted to the engine. The OCV is a solenoid valve, which is fed by an oil channel that comes back from the main gallery. By means of the ECM signal the OCV is able to control the oil pressure in 2 steps.
An other channel goes through the camshaft front bearing which feed oil to the intake camshaft sprocket (1).
The third channel passing an orifice to reduce the oil pressure and to lubricate the valve lifter follower (9), the camshaft bearings (8) and the hydraulic lash adjusters (10) on the intake side.
The engine oil main gallery have an other channel (22) to the exhaust side of the cylinder head.
Though the bypass the engine oil goes four different channels.
One channel goes through the engine block (11) and lubricate the balance shaft (12).
One channel goes through the camshaft front bearing which feed oil to the intake camshaft sprocket (2).
An other channel passing an orifice to lubricate the camshaft bearings (6), hydraulic lash adjusters (3) on the exhaust side and the vacuum pump (7).
Through fourth channel a part of the oil flows through the turbocharger oil feed pipe (4) to provide the turbocharger bearing (5) with oil.