Instrument Cluster Description and Operation: Speedometer
WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2019 Chevrolet Malibu. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.
The instrument cluster displays the vehicle speed based on the information from the ECM. The ECM sends the vehicle speed information via serial data to the BCM. The BCM then sends the vehicle speed information via serial data to the instrument cluster to display the vehicle speed.