Fuel Metering Modes Of Operation

The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) monitors voltages from several sensors to determine how much fuel to give the engine. The PCM controls the amount of fuel delivered to the engine by changing the fuel injector pulse width. The fuel is delivered under one of several modes.

• Starting Mode  - When the ignition is first turned ON, the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) energizes the fuel pump relay for 2 seconds. This allows the fuel pump to build pressure in the fuel system. The PCM calculates the air/fuel ratio based on inputs from the Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT), Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP), and Throttle Position (TP) sensors. The system stays in starting mode until the engine speed reaches a predetermined RPM.
• Clear Flood Mode  - If the engine floods, clear the engine by pressing the accelerator pedal down to the floor and then crank the engine. When the TP sensor is at Wide Open Throttle (WOT), the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) reduces the fuel injector pulse width to increase the air to fuel ratio. The PCM holds this injector rate as long as the throttle stays wide open and the engine speed is below a predetermined RPM. If the throttle is not held wide open, the PCM returns to the starting mode.
• Run Mode  - The run mode has 2 conditions called Open Loop and Closed Loop. When the engine is first started and the engine speed is above a predetermined RPM, the system begins Open Loop operation. The PCM ignores the signal from the Heated Oxygen Sensor (HO2S). The control module calculates the air/fuel ratio based on inputs from the ECT, MAP, and TP sensors. The system stays in Open Loop until meeting the following conditions:
  • The HO2S has varying voltage output, showing that the HO2S is hot enough to operate properly.
  • The Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) sensor parameter is above a specified temperature.
  • A specific amount of time has elapsed after starting the engine.

    Specific values for the above conditions exist for each different engine, and are stored in the Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM). The system begins Closed Loop operation after reaching these values. In Closed Loop, the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) calculates the air/fuel ratio, injector ON time, based upon the signal from various sensors, but mainly from the HO2S. This allows the air/fuel ratio to stay very close to 14.7:1.

• Acceleration Mode  - When the driver pushes on the accelerator pedal, air flow into the cylinders increases rapidly. To prevent possible hesitation, the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) increases the pulse width to the injectors to provide extra fuel during acceleration. This is also known as power enrichment. The PCM determines the amount of fuel required based upon the TP, the ECT, the MAP, and the engine speed.
• Deceleration Mode  - When the driver releases the accelerator pedal, air flow into the engine is reduced. The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) monitors the corresponding changes in the TP, and the MAP. The PCM shuts OFF fuel completely if the deceleration is very rapid, or for long periods, such as long, closed-throttle coast-down. The fuel shuts OFF to prevent damage to the catalytic converters.
• Battery Voltage Correction Mode  - When the battery voltage is low, the PCM compensates for the weak spark delivered by the ignition system by increasing the amount of fuel delivered, increasing the idle RPM or increasing the ignition dwell time.
• Fuel Cutoff Mode  - The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) cuts OFF fuel from the fuel injectors when the following conditions are met to protect the powertrain from damage and improve driveability:
  • The ignition switch is in OFF position. This prevents engine run-on.
  • The ignition switch is in RUN position, but there is no ignition reference signal. This prevents flooding or backfiring.
  • The engine speed is too high, above Red line.
  • The vehicle speed is too high, above rated tire speed.
  • During an extended, high speed, closed throttle coast down. This reduces emissions and increases engine braking.
  • During extended deceleration, to prevent damage to the catalytic converters.