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Supplemental Inflatable Restraint System Description and Operation

WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2022 Cadillac CT5. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.

The supplemental inflatable restraint (SIR) system, comprised of the Restraints Control module (RCM), impact sensors, Airbags, Restraint Occupant Classification System Module, and seat belt Pretensioners, supplements the protection offered by the seat belts. The RCM determines the severity of a collision using data collected from impact sensors located at strategic points on the vehicle. The RCM processes the information provided by the sensors to provide the safest combination of Airbag and pretensioner deployment. The RCM will deploy the Airbags and Pretensioners if it detects a collision of sufficient force. If the force of the impact is not sufficient to warrant Airbag deployment, the RCM may still deploy the seat belt Pretensioners. The RCM contains a sensing device that translates vehicle acceleration to an electrical signal. The RCM compares these signals to the threshold values stored in memory. If the signals exceed the stored threshold value, the RCM will determine the severity of the event and may deploy restraints. The RCM continuously monitors the deployment loops and electrical components for malfunctions. Upon detection of a circuit malfunction, the RCM will set a DTC and illuminate the SIR system Airbag indicator.

NOTE:

The SIR System may be active up to 30 seconds after the ignition transitions to OFF.

The supplemental inflatable restraint system utilizes the following components:

Restraints Control Module 

The RCM is the control unit for the SIR system. The RCM contains internal sensors in addition to the external impact sensors. The RCM contains sensors which translate vehicle acceleration into an electrical signal, which may be used by other modules. In the event of a collision, the RCM compares the signals from the internal and external impact sensors to a threshold value stored in memory. When the generated signals exceed the stored value, the RCM will cause current to flow through the appropriate deployment loops to deploy the restraints. The RCM records the SIR system status when a deployment occurs and illuminates the SIR system Airbag indicator. The RCM performs continuous diagnostic monitoring of the SIR system electrical components and circuitry when the ignition is ON. If the RCM detects a malfunction, a DTC will set and the RCM will command the instrument cluster to illuminate the SIR system Airbag indicator, notifying the driver that a malfunction exists. If power is lost during a collision, the RCM maintains a limited energy reserve for deployment of the Airbags. It is important when disabling the SIR system for servicing or rescue operations to allow the limited energy reserve to dissipate, which could take up to 2 minutes.

Airbag Indicator 

The SIR system Airbag indicator, located in the instrument cluster, is used to notify the driver of SIR system malfunctions and verify that the RCM is communicating with the instrument cluster. When the ignition is turned ON, the RCM is active. The instrument cluster will momentarily turn on the SIR system Airbag indicator. While the indicator is on, the RCM conducts tests on all SIR system components and circuits. If no malfunctions are detected the RCM will communicate with the instrument cluster through the serial data circuit and command the SIR system Airbag indicator to turn OFF. The RCM provides continuous monitoring of the SIR system components and circuits by conducting a sequence of checks. If a malfunction is detected the RCM will set a DTC and command the instrument cluster to illuminate the SIR system Airbag indicator via serial data. The presence of an SIR system malfunction could result in non-deployment of the inflatable restraints or deployment in conditions that normally would not warrant deployment. The SIR system Airbag indicator will remain on for the duration of the malfunction or until the system has been repaired.

Airbags 

The vehicle will contain a number of Airbags, depending on vehicle available and optional equipment:

To view the locations of the Airbags refer to: Master Electrical Component List , or Component Connector End Views - Index .

Airbags contain a housing, inflatable Airbag, an initiating device, a canister of gas generating material and, in some cases, stored compressed gas. Each Airbag has a discrete deployment loop to supply current and deploy the Airbag. The current passing through the Airbags ignite the material in the canister producing a rapid generation of gas and is some cases, the release of compressed gas. The gas produced from this reaction rapidly inflates the Airbag. Once the Airbag is inflated, it deflates through the Airbag vent holes and/or the bag fabric.

The steering wheel and instrument panel Airbag will either be a dual-stage or a single stage design. A dual-stage Airbag uses two stages of deployment, which varies the amount of restraint to the occupant according to the collision severity. For moderate frontal collisions, the Airbag deploys at less than full deployment which consists of stage 1 of the Airbag. During a more severe frontal collision, a full deployment is initiated which consists of stage 1 and stage 2 of the Airbag.

Seat Belt Pretensioners 

The vehicle will contain a number of seat belt Pretensioners, depending on vehicle available and optional equipment:

To view the locations of the Airbags refer to: Master Electrical Component List , or Component Connector End Views - Index .

The seat belt Pretensioners consist of a housing, seat belt retractor, seat belt anchor, seat belt webbing, initiator, and a canister of gas generating materials. The initiator is part of the seat belt pretensioner deployment loop. When the vehicle is involved in a collision of sufficient force, the RCM causes current to flow through the seat belt deployment loops to the initiator. Current passing through the initiator ignites the material in the canister producing a rapid generation of gas. The gas produced from this reaction deploys the seat belt Pretensioners which removes the slack in the seat belts. Depending on the severity of the collision, the seat belt Pretensioners may deploy without the frontal inflator modules deploying, or they will deploy immediately before the frontal inflator modules deploy.

Impact Sensors 

The vehicle will contain a number of impact sensors, depending on vehicle available and optional equipment:

To view the locations of the Airbags refer to: Master Electrical Component List , or Component Connector End Views - Index .

The impact sensors contain a sensing device which monitors vehicle acceleration or pressure to detect collisions that are severe enough to warrant Airbag deployment. The impact sensors are not part of the deployment loop, but instead provide input to the RCM.

Restraints Occupant Classification System Module 

The Restraints Occupant Classification System Module is used to monitor the type of occupant that is sitting in the front passenger seat and communicate the status to the RCM. The RCM then uses this information to determine whether to enable or suppress the deployment of the passenger instrument panel Airbag. The Restraints Occupant Classification System Module consists of an electronic control module, a sensor mat in the seat, Seat Belt Tension Sensor (if equipped), and a harness.

Passenger Airbag Indicator 

The passenger Airbag indicator identifies the status of the instrument panel Airbag. The RCM will momentarily turn on the passenger Airbag indicators after ignition is turned ON. If an occupant is not detected in the passenger seat or the occupant type is not suitable for Airbag deployment, the Restraints Control module will illuminate the passenger Airbag OFF indicator. If an occupant is detected in the passenger seat, the Restraints Control module will illuminate the passenger Airbag ON indicator.

Seat Belt Tension Sensor 

The seat belt tension sensor (if equipped) is mounted on the passenger seat belt retractor to measure the seat belt tension. If the shoulder portion of a passenger seat belt is fully extended, the infant car seat restraint locking feature may be engaged, disabling the passenger Airbag.

Passenger Airbag Disable Switch 

The passenger Airbag disable switch provides the means to manually disable the ability for the passenger instrument panel Airbag to deploy. The vehicle has a passenger Airbag status indicator to inform the driver when the passenger Airbag is on or off based on the disable switch position.

Seat Belt Indicators 

The seat belt indicators are controlled by the RCM. For further information on seat belt indicators refer to: Seat Belt System Description and Operation .

Event Data Recorder (EDR) Data 

The vehicle is equipped with an event data recorder (EDR). When a specific collision or similar condition occurs (such as airbag deployment or hitting a road obstacle), the recorder records the data related to vehicle dynamics and safety systems within a short period of time, such as the status of occupant safety components, status of accelerator/brake pedals, vehicle speed, etc., helping understand the operating conditions of vehicle systems.

The data elements recorded by EDR mainly include the following data:

No. Data Element Data Source Collection Method
A1 Longitudinal delta V EDR acceleration sensor in EDR controller None
A2 Maximum recorded longitudinal delta V EDR acceleration sensor in EDR controller None
A3 Time to maximum recorded longitudinal delta V EDR acceleration sensor in EDR controller None
A4 Clipping flag Since B1 lateral acceleration has been recorded, it is not necessary to record the clipping flag None
A5 Vehicle velocity Wheel speed sensor, transmitted via CAN bus after calculation CAN bus
A6 Service brake, on or off Brake pedal position sensor, transmitted via CAN bus after calculation CAN bus
A7 Driver safety belt status Driver seat belt buckle Hard wire
A8 Accelerator pedal position, percentage of fully open position Accelerator pedal position sensor, transmitted via CAN bus after calculation CAN bus
A9 Revolution Per Minute (RPM) Engine crankshaft position sensor, transmitted via CAN bus after calculation
*Not required for electric vehicles		 CAN bus
*Not required for electric vehicles
A10 Power-on cycle at event EDR controller None
A11 Power-on cycle at reading EDR controller None
A12 Complete status of event data record EDR controller None
A13 Time interval from this event to the last event EDR controller None
A14 Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) EDR controller None
A15 ECU hardware number EDR controller None
A16 ECU serial number EDR controller None
A17 ECU software number EDR controller None
B1 Longitudinal acceleration EDR acceleration sensor in EDR controller None

No contents related to intelligent control are available now for Level A elements above.

The recorded vehicle speed data is obtained from the on-board CAN bus. They are obtained by a vehicle speed sensor connected to other modules on the vehicle (such as engine control or transmission control module or new energy control, etc.), and transmitted and released via CAN bus after calculation.

The above data can be extracted by purchased general on-board diagnostic tools that meet the requirements in SAE J1962 and ISO 15765 and their referenced standards. (Such as CDR tools from BOSCH or MDI2 tools used at SAIC General Motors service stations)

Non-locked event storage overwrite mechanism and over writable event types 

Locking Conditions:

Overwrite Mechanism:

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