Circuit Description

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The engine control module (ECM) controls the air/fuel metering system in order to provide the best possible combination of driveability, fuel economy, and emission control. Fuel delivery is controlled differently during Open and Closed Loop. During Open Loop the ECM determines fuel delivery based on sensor signals without oxygen sensor (O2S) input. During Closed Loop, the oxygen sensor inputs are added and used by the ECM to calculate short and long term fuel trim (FT) fuel delivery adjustments. If the O2S indicates a lean condition, the FT values will be above 0 percent. If the O2S indicates a rich condition, the FT values will be below 0 percent. Short term FT values change rapidly in response to the heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) voltage signals. Long term FT makes coarse adjustments in order to maintain an air/fuel ratio of 14.7:1. The FT diagnostic will conduct a test to determine if a rich failure actually exists, or if excessive vapor from the evaporative emission (EVAP) canister is causing a rich condition. If the ECM detects an excessively rich condition, DTC P0172 or P0175 sets.