Troubleshooting on the exhaust turbocharger: Notes

For charged engines, exhaust turbochargers are of significant importance to the power development. The exhaust turbochargers provide the charging pressure that is required by the engines. Depending on the system (one-phase or multi-phase), one or more exhaust turbochargers are installed. However, the function of the exhaust turbocharger greatly depends on the proper function of other components in the periphery. The following information describes the fault source on the actual exhaust turbocharger as well as the factors influencing and causing faults in the periphery.

The following figures show examples of the schematic structure of one-stage or two-stage systems with the required actuators.

One-Phase System: 

Courtesy of BMW OF NORTH AMERICA, INC.

Two-Stage System, shown simplified and by way of example: 

Courtesy of BMW OF NORTH AMERICA, INC.

Sectional View Of Exhaust Turbocharger: 

Courtesy of BMW OF NORTH AMERICA, INC.