2. 0 Straightening Outer Shell

"Cold" straightening: Press dents out from their center and smooth in an inwards direction with gentle taps.
In the case of small, soft dents (hail and parking damage), this is also possible without damaging the paintwork.
"Hot" straightening: Heat dents in their central point only with a gas flame until bright red hot. Then quench the material with a wet cloth.
Stud welding can be used in the case of damage where access is only possible from one side. Weld on the stud in the middle of the damaged area. The steel pin or shim is driven out using a hammer until the depression is removed. The stud, pin or shim is then ground or twisted off.
Avoid cracking.
Avoid hardening and overstretching.
Avoid heating and overheating the outer shell over large areas.
If, after steel parts have been straightened, the surface shows no dents larger than 2 mm, these dents may be touched up with knifing filler.
Dents larger than 2 mm must be treated with filling solder.

NOTE: Only applicable within the European Union!

European used-car regulations prohibit the use of tin containing lead in motor vehicles introduced after 01.07.2003!
For safety vehicles, follow the special notes and information in the repair instructions.