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Home >> BMW >> 2000 >> X5 >> Repair and Diagnosis >> Engine Performance >> System >> Ms42/Ms43 - Overview >> Ms42/Ms43 >> Emissions Management - Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Compliant - M54 3.0 Liter Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) >> Principle of Operation >> Electrically Heated Thermostat

Electrically Heated Thermostat

Model specific variants of the electrically heated thermostat are now equipped on all LEV/ULEV compliant engines. This thermostat allows the engine to run hotter than conventional thermostats improving fuel economy.

The ECM also electrically activates the thermostat to lower the engine coolant temperatures based on monitored conditions. It is both a conventionally functioning and ECM controlled thermostat (two stage operation). ECM control adds heat to the wax core causing the thermostat to open earlier than it's mechanical temperature rating providing increased coolant flow.

Conventional Function:  The thermostat begins to open at 103°C. This is at the inlet side of the water pump and represents the temperature of the coolant entering the engine. Before the 103°C temperature is realized, the coolant is circulated through the engine block by the water pump.

After the temperature reaches 103°C it is maintained as the inlet temperature by the thermostat. The coolant temperature at the water pump engine outlet is approximately 110°C. The additional 74°C is achieved after the coolant has circulated through the block.

The operating temperature of the engine will remain within this range as long as the engine is running at part load conditions and the engine coolant temperature does not exceed 113°C.

Fig 1: Coolent Temperature Graph
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Fig 2: Identifying Coolent Flow (1 Of 2)
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Fig 3: Identifying Coolant Flow (2 Of 2)
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