Disintegrated Tread
WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2021 Audi S4 and 2021 Audi A4 Quattro. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.
Tires with torn-out tread
Such damage usually develops over a longer period of time. If an already damaged tire is exposed to high stress, the centrifugal force at higher speeds can tear components off the tire.
The illustration shows a tire with torn-out tread due to driving with insufficient tire pressure.